Voice & Likeness Rights

Source: California Legislative Information, AB-621 Deepfake pornography bill text

Signed and chaptered (Ch. 673, Statutes of 2025) October 13, 2025; effective January 1, 2026. Reported to increase maximum statutory damages to $50,000 for a non-malicious violation and $250,000 for a malicious one; figures taken from bill-analysis summaries, not independently re-verified against enrolled text. Predates the 2026-07-11 window; included as backfill.

Source: California Legislative Information, SB-1015 bill text

Authored by Sen. Tony Strickland; titled the 'Protecting Our Children from Online Extortion Act' per the author's own site (sr36.senate.ca.gov). Passed the full Senate 33-0 on May 22, 2026; approved by Assembly Public Safety Committee 9-0 on June 23, 2026; per the Transparency Coalition's August 14, 2026 legislative tracker, the bill was 'Held in Assembly Appropriations Committee on Aug. 13, 2026,' meaning it has not advanced to an Assembly floor vote as of this writing and its status within the 2026-08-05 to 2026-08-19 window changed from pending-in-Appropriations to held-in-Appropriations.

Source: California SB 1111 (Digital Replicas / False Impersonation Clarification)

Passed the full Senate 36-0 on April 30, 2026; passed the Assembly Privacy & Consumer Protection and Public Safety committees; last confirmed action per the official bill-history page (leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB1111) was 'From committee: Do pass and re-refer to Com. on APPR. (Ayes 9. Noes 0.)' on July 1, 2026, meaning the bill is pending in the Assembly Appropriations Committee. This last confirmed action predates the 2026-07-27 window; no action since July 1 was found (a full search budget was exhausted before a fresh check could be run), so 'committee' status here should be treated as the most recent confirmed status rather than evidence of no further movement. Distinct from SB 1111's own Civil Code Section 3344 amendment (a separate, non-quoted provision in the same bill defining digital replica for civil right-of-publicity purposes); only the Penal Code 540 criminal-impersonation mechanism is described above since that is the language directly confirmed.

Source: Louisiana Election AI Disclosure Law (HB 459 / Act 806 of 2026)

Enrolled text (Act No. 806, House Bill No. 459, 2026 Regular Session) read directly; penalty clause verbatim: 'shall be fined not more than two thousand dollars or be imprisoned, with or without hard labor, for not more than two years, or both,' triggered only where the violation is committed with intent to injure reputation or deceive a voter. Secondary coverage (American Press, July 21, 2026) reported a higher ten-thousand-dollar fine figure; that does not match the enrolled statutory text and is treated as inaccurate. The enrolled document's visible sections did not include an explicit standalone effective-date clause; the August 1, 2026 effective date (already reached as of this writing) is taken from secondary reporting and is consistent with Louisiana's standard default effective date for regular-session acts, but is not independently confirmed against a section-3-style effectiveness clause in this bill.

Source: Maryland General Assembly, SB 141 (2026) bill page

Signed by Gov. Wes Moore May 12, 2026; effective June 1, 2026. Penalties reported elsewhere as up to $5,000 in fines or up to 5 years imprisonment, not independently confirmed against the chaptered text. Whether the statute's 'deepfake' definition explicitly covers cloned audio as well as image/video was not confirmed, so target is left as 'likeness' rather than assumed to include voice. Predates the 2026-07-11 window; included as backfill, one of 30-plus state election-deepfake statutes nationally per secondary trackers, selected here as a distinct-mechanism example rather than an exhaustive state sweep.

Source: Montana Name, Voice, and Visual Likeness Property Rights Act (HB 513, Chapter 685 of 2025)

Enrolled bill text (Chapter 685, 69th Montana Legislature, 2025) read directly; effective date confirmed in Section 3 as 'This act is effective January 1, 2026.' Several secondary tracker sites (recordinglaw.com, digitalpolicyalert) report a flat statutory damages figure of $50,000 per violation; that figure does not appear anywhere in the enrolled text, which instead specifies liability for 'the actual damages suffered by the person, plus any profits from the unauthorized use.' The 20-year post-mortem duration is confirmed verbatim in the text. Signed into law in 2025 and effective January 1, 2026, this predates the 2026-07-27 window; included because it is a comprehensive, currently in-effect voice-and-likeness property-rights statute with no equivalent tracked entity in the baseline, and because the primary-source figures materially correct what secondary trackers report.

Source: New Jersey Legislature, Assembly Bill 5088 (2026-2027 session), introduced text

Introduced May 14, 2026; referred to the Assembly Science, Innovation and Technology Committee, per the bill's own header and secondary trackers (LegiScan, TrackBill). No confirmed committee or floor action found within the 2026-08-05 to 2026-08-19 window; included because it is a genuinely new, untracked voice-and-likeness civil-liability bill. The quoted definition and remedy language were retrieved via an automated fetch of the official njleg.gov introduced-bill page rather than a manual line-by-line read of the HTML; treat as a close paraphrase of the statutory text pending direct confirmation of exact section numbering.

Source: New York State Senate, Bill S7676B summary

Signed in December 2024 (sources vary between Dec. 2 and Dec. 13, 2024); effective January 1, 2025, applying to contracts entered into or modified on or after that date. Predates the 2026-07-11 window; included as backfill given the catalogue's current 2-entity baseline.

Source: Senator Marsha Blackburn, press release on NO FAKES Act Senate Judiciary Committee passage

Formal title: Nurture Originals, Foster Art, and Keep Entertainment Safe Act of 2026. Cleared Senate Judiciary Committee by unanimous voice vote June 18, 2026; awaits a full Senate floor vote, no further action confirmed as of this writing. Senate bill number S.4591 and House companion H.R.8915 taken from congress.gov/GovTrack listings and secondary reporting (Ripon Advance), not independently confirmed against primary bill text since congress.gov blocked automated fetch. Revised reissue of the earlier NO FAKES Act of 2025 (S.1367/H.R.2794).

Source: Ohio House of Representatives, House Bill 185 (136th General Assembly) legislation page

Sponsored by Reps. Adam Mathews and Ty D. Mathews. Status per the official ohiohouse.gov page is 'In House Committee' (House Technology and Innovation Committee); a committee hearing and amendments were reported in local press in May 2026, with no confirmed further action found within the 2026-08-05 to 2026-08-19 window. Penalty grading, the 'reasonable trier of fact' deception standard, and specific felony/civil-penalty figures reported by some secondary sources could not be confirmed against primary bill text in this pass and are deliberately omitted per the no-policy rule; only the confirmed title language is quoted.

Source: Pennsylvania General Assembly, Act No. 35 of 2025 law information

Signed by Gov. Josh Shapiro July 7, 2025; effective approximately 60 days later (about September 5, 2025) per the governor's office. Predates the 2026-07-11 window; included as backfill of an untracked, in-scope law given the catalogue currently has only two entities.

Source: Pennsylvania General Assembly, House Bill 2252, Printer's No. 2945 (introduced text)

Introduced February 26, 2026 by Rep. Kinkead and 20 co-sponsors; referred to House Judiciary Committee same day. Passed the full House 202-0 on June 10, 2026 and was referred to the Senate Judiciary Committee on June 18, 2026, per secondary reporting (Pennsylvania Capital-Star, Lower Bucks Times); no confirmed Senate action found within the 2026-08-05 to 2026-08-19 window, so status is recorded as 'committee' (Senate Judiciary). Section 2 of the printed bill (PN2945) sets a 60-day effective date after enactment; this text reflects the bill as introduced/House-passed, prior to any Senate amendments.

Source: U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science & Transportation, Cruz and Klobuchar release marking FTC enforcement start

Signed into law May 19, 2025; the criminal prohibition took effect immediately, while the platform notice-and-removal requirement and FTC enforcement began May 19, 2026, one year later, per this release. Predates the 2026-07-11 window; included as backfill since the compliance and enforcement milestone (May 2026) is a material status change the catalogue has not captured.

Source: Tennessee General Assembly, HB 2091

Codified at Tenn. Code Ann. 47-25-1101 et seq. Signed March 21, 2024; effective July 1, 2024. Passed House 93-0 and Senate 30-0. Post-mortem protections extend to estates for ten years.

Source: Washington State Legislature, SB 5886 bill summary

Signed by Gov. Bob Ferguson March 16, 2026; effective June 11, 2026, per the official bill-summary page. The $3,000 civil-penalty figure and the 'persistent or real-time' definition wording are drawn from secondary legal-alert summaries (Cooley, Crowell & Moring), not independently confirmed against the verbatim enrolled bill text; treat as approximate pending primary-text confirmation. Predates the 2026-07-11 window; included as backfill given the catalogue's current 2-entity baseline.

Source: Descript AI Speech Consenting Speaker Requirement (Terms of Service)

Related clause in the same terms: 'By reading the Consent Statement or otherwise submitting Training Audio to us, you consent (and represent and warrant that you have the right to use such Consenting Speaker's AI Voice and that you have obtained the consent of all Consenting Speakers).' No confirmed date of last update was found; not confirmed as a change within the 2026-07-27 to 2026-08-05 window. Included as backfill given the catalogue currently tracks only one provider-policy entry.

Source: ElevenLabs Blog, "Detecting audio generated by ElevenLabs with SynthID"

Blog post published June 25, 2026, stating rollout 'started including SynthID in Text to Speech generations by free users' with coverage expanding 'to all ElevenLabs audio generations over the coming weeks'; this predates the 2026-08-05 to 2026-08-19 window, and no ElevenLabs-published update specifically dated within the window was found. Included as backfill because no watermarking or detection-type provider policy is currently tracked for ElevenLabs (the existing entry covers only cloning consent). Flagging two things for the orchestrator to weigh before keeping this: (1) it is pre-window, not a change within 2026-08-05 to 2026-08-19; (2) the assigned lens is 'consent, verification, and takedown policy changes' and watermarking is a transparency/provenance mechanism, arguably a lens mismatch even though it is squarely in-topic. Companion primary source (help.elevenlabs.io audio-detector article) confirms verbatim: 'Watermarking is a digital technology designed to identify AI-generated content. It embeds imperceptible digital watermarks directly into AI-generated audio' and 'We believe people should know when they are interacting with AI-generated content, and watermarking is one of the most robust ways to provide that transparency.' Status normalized to 'in-effect' per this task's schema enum, diverging from the baseline's 'active' convention on the five existing provider-policy rows.

Source: ElevenLabs Help Center, Professional Voice Cloning

Users must obtain and retain documented consent where required by law; violations can result in immediate account termination. Companion: the Voice Library Addendum (elevenlabs.io/vla).

Source: Google Workspace Updates, "Cast yourself in AI video clips using your personal avatar with Gemini Omni in Vids"

Feature announced July 16, 2026 (Rapid Release start) with the Scheduled Release track, covering the bulk of Workspace domains, beginning August 5, 2026, the first day of this lens's search window. The self-only restriction is confirmed verbatim on the companion official blog post (blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/workspace/gemini-omni-personal-avatars/): "Personal avatars are linked to a user's Google Account and are restricted to the account holder's likeness." Companion support page (support.google.com/gemini/answer/16984474) states verbatim: 'Be 18 or over', 'Be signed in with a personal Google Account', 'Avatars are currently not available in the EEA, Switzerland, or the United Kingdom', and 'The account owner must complete this process. Do not allow minors to record themselves.' Status normalized to 'in-effect' per this task's schema enum (in-effect / proposed); note the five existing provider-policy rows in the baseline instead use 'active', a divergence the orchestrator may want to reconcile across the dataset.

Source: HeyGen Avatar Consent Tiers (Webcam, Pre-recorded, Waiver)

Full tier structure per the same doc: Level 1 (webcam recording, all customers), Level 2 (pre-recorded video upload, enterprise-only whitelisted accounts), Level 3 (waiver, enterprise-only with signed indemnity agreement). Related and consistent: HeyGen's Biometric Privacy Notice (heygen.com/biometric-privacy-notice) states biometric information, specifically face geometry and, where applicable, voiceprint data, is collected only after presenting a request for consent, and for EEA/UK/Switzerland residents is permanently destroyed within 60 days of avatar deletion or account termination. No confirmed date of introduction or last update was found for either document; not confirmed as a change within the 2026-07-27 to 2026-08-05 window. Included as backfill given the catalogue currently tracks only one provider-policy entry (ElevenLabs).

Source: Resemble AI Voice Cloning Consent Requirement (Terms of Service)

Preceding sentence in the same clause reads (as fetched): "Resemble may require consent form the individual or third party whose voice is being cloned" [sic, likely a typo for 'from']. No confirmed date of last update was found; not confirmed as a change within the 2026-07-27 to 2026-08-05 window. Included as backfill given the catalogue currently tracks only one provider-policy entry.

Source: Synthesia Custom Avatar Age and Informed-Consent Requirement (Customer Terms of Service)

Same clause also requires the individual be 'over the applicable statutory legal age.' Synthesia's separate Acceptable Use Policy (synthesia.io/legal/acceptable-use-policy) carries a thinner, older line permitting Custom Avatar impersonation-adjacent uses 'only with appropriate consent from the individual,' last updated February 23, 2024; that page's date is confirmed but the Customer Terms of Service page carries no visible last-updated date. Not confirmed as a change within the 2026-07-27 to 2026-08-05 window. Included as backfill given the catalogue currently tracks only one provider-policy entry.